The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. To read the report, click, Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Finally, the Act provides for the transfer of some Arsenal land for road expansion around the perimeter of the Arsenal and 915 acres (3.70km2) to be sold for development and annexation by Commerce City. The perfect trail for those who like to enjoy nature from the comfort of their air-conditioned vehicle with a latte in hand. Baseline rates of congenital anomalies in the study area compared to Colorado as a whole did not show significant differences between populations. Fish and Wildlife Service. The facility was built in 1942, in response to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or useable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. (1 of 9) SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. Otherkey partners include Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, the local health department andlocal government officials, the Army,U.S. Known today as an urban national wildlife refuge, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal is one of the most studied environmental cleanup sites in the country. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge was established in 2004, in part, to protect our national symbol, the bald eagle. It remained controversial among residents until it was closed in 1992. All waste that was left in place is now interred beneath large-area engineered covers that prevent any intrusion into the waste that remains below. At that time, liquid waste disposal methods were employed in an attempt to prevent the chemical contamination from spreading further including lining one of the basins with asphalt, and injection of the waste chemicals into a deep well, but these techniques were ultimately unsuccessful. Researchers have not examined the health risks to wildlife at the cleaned-up refuges as extensively as the potential danger to humans, but few problems have been reported. The contamination of the underlying alluvial aquifer occurred due to the discharge of waste into unlined basins. The cleanup was completed in 2010 and five large parcels of land have been deleted from the NPL . One of the major lessees, Shell Oil Company, along with Julius Hyman and Company and Colorado Fuel and Iron, had manufacturing and processing capabilities on RMA between 1952 and 1982. In addition to the containment structures, the agreed-upon remedy directs that the entire area is subject to restrictions on land use in perpetuity, including residential development, agricultural use, any potable use of the groundwater, and any consumption of fish or game from the Arsenal. This resulted in subsequent earthquakes in Denver area. The documents provide the framework, purpose and overall rationale for remediation of the site. Due to the early completion of this program, the Army realized a savings of 300,000 dollars. But cleanup costs for an area where contaminated waste is stored are soaring, and Department of Energy investigators say the project has been plagued by fraud and mismanagement. Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Get to know all 17 Denver mayor candidates , Rocky Mountain Arsenal continues to leak contaminants into groundwater, Colorado health department lawsuit says, Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park again. These monitors tested the air for several decades during the cleanup and showed the cleanup was protective of public health. In the early 1980s the site was selected as a Superfund site and the cleanup process began. Additional cement barriers were placed inside the casing across zones that could access water-bearing formations (aquifers). An acoustical ceiling and light fixtures fell at one school. He began working at the newspaper in 1998, after writing for newspapers in Mesa, Ariz., and Twin Falls, Idaho, and The Associated Press in Salt Lake City. Rocket fuel was blended on-site for the Titan and Delta missile operations. Get the latest updates in news, food, music and culture, and receive special offers direct to your inbox. Washington state officials are worried that the Trump administration wants to reclassify millions of gallons of wastewater at Hanford from high-level radioactive to low-level, which could reduce cleanup standards and cut costs. The cleanup of the refuge's 15,000 acres was completed in 2010. The Army was dumping dangerous chemicals into a deep injection well out at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Fish and Wildlife Service at 303.289.0930, or visit the Refuge online. Conditions reports for this lake are available when logged in. The refuge is currently open from sunrise to sunset. The Off-Post Record of Decision was finalized in December 1995 and its requirements consist of actions for off-site groundwater and soil. Throughout the decades of cleanup, the air monitors revealed there was no safety hazard to public health as no arsenal chemicals had been released into the air. State officials say they want long-term and legally binding assurances. In 2009, the state of Colorado, Shell Oil Co., and the United States Army settled a lawsuit pertaining to damages to the states natural resources from past activities at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal that caused extensive contamination of soil and water at the site. The refuge was created on the buffer zone surrounding the production area. Beginning in 1942, the Army used the 27-square-mile arsenal at 5650 Gateway Road in Commerce City for the manufacture and disposal of chemical warfare agents, and chemical and incendiary munitions. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment has sued the U.S. Army claiming that dangerous chemicals including pesticides continue to leach into groundwater at Rocky Mountain Arsenal . In September 2017, the state of Colorado filed a lawsuit to sue the United States government for the right to control the contaminated areas of the RMA. The land is sold to Commerce City for commercial and retail development. 1943From 1943 to 1946, the Rose Hill Prisoners of War Camp houses captured German soldiers at the RMA. As portions of the cleanup are completed, this property becomes part of the National Wildlife Refuge system and is transferred to the U.S. Department of Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service inventoried more than 330 species of wildlife that inhabit the Arsenal including deer, coyotes, white pelicans and owls. An official website of the United States government. To read the report, click here. Fish and Wildlife Service to create and later expand the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. Official websites use .gov Photo source: Denver Post 1989The U.S. Army, EPA and Shell sign the Federal Facilities Agreement, which provides a framework for decision-making and for completing 14 Interim Response Actions (IRAs) while final cleanup plans are developed. Theyre not going to want to be in a place with chemical pollution or radiation problems., Email: newsroom@coloradosun.com These restrictions must remain in place unless future sampling and scientific investigation determine they can be safely removed. RMA contained a deep injection well that was constructed in 1961. In response, the Army constructed an asphalt-lined impoundment for the disposal of wastes in 1956. Shell Oil Co. leased the property and manufactured agricultural pesticides in the South Plants complex from 1952 through 1982. There is an 11-mile motor tour that takes you through the preserve. Who makes the best hot chicken sandwich in Denver? This new publication offers highlights from the past year, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022. The Army told the Nuclear Regulatory Commission it could cost $3.2 billion to clean the area for unrestricted use. There is no appropriate standard by the EPA, but the state of Colorado has a standard treatment protocol for this chemical. In addition, contamination affects public health and nature (honeybee poisonings, pesticide resistance in pests, destruction of natural predators, wild birds, microbes) negatively. Any detected voids behind the casing were cemented to prevent possible contamination of other formations. It was also helpful that the location was close to Stapleton airfield, a major transportation hub.[5]. Kauffman violated state order to stop selling its oil and gas, Colorados air pollution permitting process for oil and gas, other industries may get a lot stricter, (720) 263-2338 Call, text, Signal or WhatsApp, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. I think theres a case to be made that just leaving it in place really maintains an unacceptable risk of contamination spreading from the site, he said. Three criteria were es Drop us a note at tips@coloradosun.com. CERCLA was a tax imposed on chemical and petroleum industries. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Act was passed in October 1992 and signed by President George H. W. Bush. The settlement amount totaled $27.4 millionand is to be used for natural resources restoration projects in the South Platte River area. In 1975, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment ordered the Army and Shell to stop the non-permitted discharge of contaminants, to control the contaminated groundwater leaving the site, and to implement a monitoring plan. Much of the site is now protected as the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. Soon after, Congress enacted legislation designating the RMA as a future national wildlife refuge. local news and culture, Patricia Calhoun Manufacturing and waste disposal practices used during these years resulted in extensive soil, surface water, sediment, groundwater and structures contamination, damage to trees and vegetation, and death to wildlife. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Critics say Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. 1984The U.S. Army conducts the RMA Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study, which includes the systematic investigation of contamination and the development and evaluation of cleanupalternatives. American bison are reintroduced to the site that same year as part of a nationwide conservation effort. Vote in our annual food bracket challenge. This soil is contained in hazardous waste landfills. Mitchell first started writing the Cold Case blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has more than 1,400 unsolved homicides. The Army and Shell Oil Co. began conducting detailed site investigations in the 1970s to define the extent of contamination. The CDPHE issued the Army a notice of non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not working. Today, the Refuge encompasses more than 15,000 acres of restored shortgrass prairie and provides habitat to more 300 species of wildlife, including American bison, bald eagles, mule and white-tailed deer, burrowing owls and black-footed ferrets. The well remained unused for nearly 20 years. The Army discontinued use of the well in Feb. 1966 because of the possibility that the fluid injection was triggering earthquakes in the area. In September of that year, the Army began removing fluid from the Arsenal well at a very slow rate, in hope that earthquake activity would lessen. [8] It was drilled to a depth of 12,045 feet (3671 m). Rated magnitude 1.5, it was not strong enough to be felt by area residents. The Army replied by indicating federal authorities should regulate the arsenal superfund site through the CERCLA, and not state environmental authorities. Kirk Mitchell is a general assignment reporter at The Denver Post who focuses on criminal justice stories. (credit: Rocky Mountain Arsenal/Twitter) That section borders 56th Avenue at the Gateway and Montbello neighborhoods. Last Conditions Report for Rocky Mountain Arsenal: 11.15.21. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. Rocky Mountain Arsenal. [14] The following data were derived from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Medical Monitoring Program Surveillance for Birth Defects Compendium prepared by Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and published in February 2010. In 1986, it was discovered that the absence of human activity had made the area an involuntary park when a winter communal roost of bald eagles, then an endangered species, was discovered on site. That said, it would be better if they were cleaned up more thoroughly.. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. Additionally, studies performed at Colorado State University found no increased risk of Arsenic, Mercury, or neurotoxicity in communities within 15 miles of the RMA.[16][17]. [6][7] Most handled conventional weapons, not nuclear or chemical. When the Cold War ended in the 1980s, more surplus military lands were earmarked for refuges. Soldiers test-fired millions of artillery rounds at the proving ground, some made of depleted uranium. When the cleanup was completed, it was clear that no Arsenal chemicals had been released into the air that exceeded the health-protective levels established for the site since the environmental cleanup began in October 1997. Last week, on December 8, 2015, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal rounded up the bison herd to gather animals that had been selected for donation to the Crane Trust--a bison conservation . After the war, it became a bustling center of industrial activity -- a top-secret center that created a lot of dangerous waste. In 1985 the Army permanently sealed the disposal well in stages. Residential and commercial property is located to the north, south and west. The shock shuffled furniture around in homes, and left electrical wall outlets hanging by their wires at Irondale. In an effort to foster economic growth in the area and maintain the facilities for national security, private companies were encouraged to lease facilities beginning in the mid-1940s. Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. The Energy Department told the state it has no current plans to change the classification. Further, there have been damages to the rural areas due to contamination resulting in livestock losses, and crop losses. Feds light fires at Rocky Mountain Arsenal to restore prairie for multiplying bison and the visitors who flock there Prescribed fire is meant to invigorate about 875 acres of short-grass . Many mammals and birds were found dead and may have suffered lower reproduction rates or birth defects.[11]. However, the Army estimates that the waste was a more dilute version of the Basin F liquid which is now being incinerated. Many residents reported it was the strongest earthquake they had ever experienced. [4], The Arsenal's location was selected due to its relative distance from the coasts (and presumably not likely to be attacked), a sufficient labor force to work at the site, weather that was conducive to outdoor work, and the appropriate soil needed for the project. The Army and Shell took remedial actions to prevent the contamination that includes the installation of the groundwater barrier system which treated approximately 1 billion gallons of water every year. They awakened many residents, but were not widely felt. 1973The Vietnam Conflict ends, and demilitarization becomes the primary focus of the RMA. Most skeptics agree the refuges are worthwhile but warn that the natural beauty might obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby. Three shocks in 1965 -- February 16, September 29, and November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in Commerce City and environs. Birth defects included in the analysis were: "total congenital anomalies, major congenital anomalies, heart defects, muscle and skeletal defects, and kidney and bladder defects," and these categories were inconsistent in reporting accuracy. Today, it is considered a hazardous waste site according to the Colorado Department of Public and Environmental Health. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has catch-and-release fishing from the first Saturday in April through November 30 daily from sunrise to sunset. (2 of 9), CLEANUP - The remedy selected for the Rocky Mountain Arsenal included the removal of contaminated soil down to 10 over much of the contaminated area, which is contained in two hazardous waste landfills that remain on the site. The animals were transferred from the National Bison Range in Montana. 2004After the EPA certifies that cleanup actions are complete, the U.S. Department of Defense transfers 5,000 acres of RMA land to the U.S. Department of the Interior to officially establish the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. After a $2.1 billion cleanup, the site was reborn as Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, with 24 square miles of idyllic prairie where visitors can take scenic drives or hikes. The final step was adding Bentonite, a heavy clay mud that later solidified, to close the rest of the hole up to the ground surface. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. Solid and liquid chemical hazardous wastes were disposed of in trenches, burn pits and pooled in open basins covering wide areas. The following data were derived from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. In the early 1980s the site was selected as a Superfund site and the cleanup process began. Madison, the Fish and Wildlife Service historian, said the refuges are salvaging something valuable from ecological devastation. Beginning in 1942, the arsenal was the main site at which the Chemical Corps manufactured chemical weapons such as mustard gas, nerve gas, and phosgene.The Army eventually leased part of the 27 mi 2 (70 km 2) plot of . All surface work related to the environmental cleanup ended in 2010, one year ahead of schedule and within budget. From 1962 -- 1963, the fluids were pumped from Basin F into the well. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. It stipulates that the majority of the site will become a National Wildlife Refuge under the jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife Service when the environmental restoration is completed. On May 21, 2011, the official visitor center for the refuge was opened with an exhibit about the site's history, ranging from the homesteading era to its current status. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. If you have additional questions, please call 303.289.0300. (3 of 9), REDEVELOPMENT - Commerce City, CO a northern suburb of Denver,and a sports enterprise business have invested more than $120 million in the property, which yields 1.7 million visitors annually. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was placed on the National Priorities List of Superfund sites in July 1987. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has been transformed from a 17,000+ acre facility used for weapons and chemical manufacturing into a beautiful nature sanctuary. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA to manage bald eagles and other wildlife. More recently, it has been used as a storage facility for excess office furniture and equipment. The Army and Shell operated Basin F, a hazardous waste surface impoundment for the storage and treatment of liquid and solid hazardous wastes, but the facility leaked wastes into the environment after waste disposal ended in 1981, the lawsuit says. Take the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Self-Guided Wildlife Drive This was the highlight of the park for us. This led the State of Colorado to take legal action over who has legal authority over RMA remediation efforts, payment of natural resource damages (NRDs), and reimbursement of costs expended for cleanup activities (response costs). Denver's independent source of Only one, on July 15, caused minor damage at Commerce City. Between 1946 and 1987, the Army also leased portions of the arsenal to Shell Oil Company to manufacture pesticides. And the biggest bills have yet to be paid. Reunion is located on the north border of RMA. The magnitude 5.3 tremor caused the most serious damage at Northglenn, where concrete pillar supports to a church roof were weakened, and 20 windows were broken. Current Basin F liquid consists of very salty water that includes some metals, chlorides, wastewater and toxic organics. Catch . In 1996, after a lengthy process in which site investigations were conducted and completed, an approach to remedy the chemical contamination at the Arsenal was set forth by the US Army. Fish and Wildlife Service that at least 20,000 ducks died in a 10-year span during the 1970s. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. This public availability will be implemented while simultaneously supporting the remediation effort and the USFWS activities. The U.S. Army will permanently retain and manage about 1,000 acres of Arsenal land that contain the landfills, waste consolidation areas and groundwater treatment facilities to ensure they remain protective of human health and the environment. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis Powers by 150 percent. [8][9] The well remained unused until 1985 when the Army permanently sealed the disposal well. 1989The U.S. Included in the RMANWR Act, areas within RMA that were still contaminated were still owned by the U.S. Army, however, the vast majority of the land that was deemed clean would be managed by the Federal Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a few miles northeast of Denver, was originally constructed and operated by the Chemical Corps of the United States Army. A separate study of cancer incidence by the Colorado Department of Health did not find convincing evidence of increased cancer risk in people living in residential areas surrounding the arsenal,[15] although the study was made more difficult by the large demographic changes in the area and was also confounded by smoking and obesity rates. There are many studies that try to estimate the total costs due to contamination of pesticides in U.S. as well as in other countries; however, indirect costs are difficult to estimate, but likely several times than total direct environmental and social costs. More by The Associated Press, Got a story tip? Contaminated areas of soil remain in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, but are contained in basins and containment structures.[11]. Starting in 1942, the U.S. Army used the 27-mile site for the manufacture, assembly, and disposal . Its location was selected because it is far from the coast and it has sufficient labor force. In the mid-1980s, wildlife, including endangered species, moved into the space and the land became a protected park. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitoring program (MMP) was put in place as part of the Record of Decision (ROD) between the U.S. Army, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado Department of Health and Environment in 1996. Organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals, agent degradation products and manufacturing by-products, and chlorinated and aromatic solvents are getting into groundwater in unsafe levels, it says. The U.S. Early 1980sAll production at the RMA ceases, and the mission shifts to environmental remediation and restoration. Brighton is 6 miles north, and Barr Lake State Park is about 5 miles northeast. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for managing the Arsenals wildlife and habitat. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. These field activities began in the fall of 1997 and significant portions of the cleanup have already been accomplished. [11] Air quality monitoring of the Arsenal began concurrently with the decontamination process in 1997 and surveillance continued until July 2009. Longstanding agricultural and health concerns related to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal have resulted in a complex history of political and legal battles. Make a one-time donation today for as little as $1. Many homeowners reported wall, ceiling, floor, patio, sidewalk, and foundation cracks. Today, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, once some of the most contaminated land in the country, is a cleaned-up nature center. They would be worse if they were surrounded by a fence and left off-limits for decades and decades, said David Havlick, a professor at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies military-to-wildlife conversions. 1962Treated liquid waste is injected into a deep well located more than 12,000 feet below the ground surface. During 1968, ten slight shocks were felt in Colorado. At Commerce City merchandise fell in several supermarkets and walls cracked in larger buildings. A 14-year, $2-billion remediation effort begun in 1996 will turn most of the arsenal into a national wildlife refuge. The Colorado departments Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division filed the lawsuit Monday in U.S. District Court in Denver to force the Army to comply with standards set by the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). [18] While it is difficult to capture the societal cost to clean up the site, the list of actions dealing with groundwater contamination listed by Mears and Heise include: Direct economic totals add up to approximately $111 million and this estimation does not include operation and maintenance costs. Since 1985, the mission at RMA has been the remediation of the site. Coinciding with these activities, from 1946 to 1982, the Army leased RMA facilities to private industries for the production of pesticides. [20] In the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal, total indirect cost was not estimated at all. After the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, the U.S. Army began looking for land to create a chemical manufacturing center. A lot of the environmental stories are kind of doomy and gloomy, and these are successful ones, something positive, he said. At the borders of the RMA and at some places in the sites interior, contaminated groundwater is pumped from the below the surface and cleaned before reinjection. text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight, Emerging Contaminants and Contaminants of Concern, Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket, Military Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). 1987The EPA places the RMA on the National Priorities (or Superfund) List. In 1992, Congress Passed the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge Act (RMANWR Act). 1996The U.S. Army, Shell and U.S. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet, with the remaining 70 feet left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. The U.S. Congress responded to the movement in 1980 with the creation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), most commonly referred to as a Superfund. That rankles Tim Maloney, a senior policy director for the Hoosier Environmental Council. 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80246, Colorado Health Information Data Set (CoHID), Office of Public Health Practice, Planning, and Local Partnerships (OPHP), Air Quality - Monitoring, Modeling and Data. The magnitude 5.2 event caused widespread minor damage in the suburban areas of northeast Denver. Restrictions on well water use, residential development, consumption of fish and game from the arsenal, and agricultural use of the arsenal will exist in perpetuity until further scientific research is completed at the site. 24,590 were here. There are multiple paved, boardwalk, or gravel trail options with a variety of lengths and difficulty levels available. 1995-1996Following extensive community input, the Off-Post and On-Post Records of Decision (ROD) are signed. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) is a former chemical weapons manufacturing facility located just outside and northwest of the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area (Figure 21). Here's the history of the Arsenal quakes from the USGS site: It was 32 minutes after 4 a.m. on April 24 when the first shock of the Denver series was recorded at the Cecil H. Green Geophysical Observatory at Bergen Park, Colorado. Houses creaked and objects rattled during this magnitude 2.1 earthquake. The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. Both those cases are pending in federal court. Montbello is located to the south of the RMA, and Commerce City to the west. Then a year and half after the Rocky Mountain Arsenal waste dumping practice stopped, the strongest and most widely felt shock in Denver's history struck that area on August 9, 1967, at 6:25 in the morning. And overall rationale for remediation of the Arsenal began concurrently with the decontamination in. 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