See the college's, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement, that underlies classical tragedy, however, seems markedly different from the one that we find in classical philosophy. (Foot also invented the infamous trolley car thought experiment.) Our readings will include the relevant works of Plato, Sextus Empiricus, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Goodman, Elgin, Hacking, Krausz, Foot, and Williams, among others. In this way we come to realize that far from being the irrational foil of "the West," Indian tradition is a rich resource for thinking through some of the central questions that have challenged philosophers in both traditions. We shall first explore the salient features of the pragmatic approaches to language, paying special attention to Austin's notion of illocutionary force and Grice's notion of non-natural meaning. We will move on to examine ethical issues of truth-telling with terminally ill patients and their families, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments, the care of seriously ill newborns, physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia, and posthumous interests. In pursuing the answers to these questions, we will discuss both classic and contemporary theories from philosophy and linguistics. We will ask, for example, what these theories tell us about the nature of space, time, probability and causality. Phil Walsh Writer/Producer Los Angeles, California, United States500+ connections Join to connect TW3 Entertainment Williams College Personal Website Report this profile Experience. Of particular interest will be the extent to which discourse dynamics are built into the meanings of linguistic expressions vs. the extent to which they're consequences of our rational cognition. So, some relationships with other people--such as friendships, familial ties, love, patriotism--seem to be ethically desirable, central to the quality of our lives, and yet prima facie in tension with the widely held belief that morality requires impartiality and equal treatment of all human beings. What sorts of things can be true or false? The second portion of the course will use feminist philosophy to inform our understanding of the ways in which gender structures the individual's interactions with the health care system. demand, promise, praise, blame, threaten, command, insinuate, evoke, express feelings, and sometimes just to play. When AI is fully realized, it is likely to be amongst the most important things to happen to our species. What are the forces, and the dynamics between forces (i.e., economic, technological, modes of communication, techniques of social control, biological, psychological) that make certain types of subjects possible influencing both their self-understandings and their forms of life? Are there metaphysical and ideological assumptions in contemporary psychiatry, and if so, could and should they be avoided? Tragedy and philosophy were two of the finest achievements of classical Athenian civilization, and each attempts to reveal to the reader something fundamental about our shared human condition. Tutorial partners will have an opportunity to spend the end of the semester working on a special topic of their choosing including, for instance, consciousness and free will, pain and anesthesia, consciousness and artificial intelligence, or disorders of consciousness. The cause of death for Phil Williams Jr. was listed as "probably a . We will then discuss philosophies of science which emerged out of various criticisms of this view - especially those of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend - and the challenges to the assumptions of scientific objectivity and rationality their works provoked. What do we mean when we talk about racial capitalism? We will read Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau in seeking answers to these questions. Hence, being with others, being dependent on others, is regarded as a key structuring feature of human existence. Roger Federer gets stumped by famous saying. Always asking what practical difference would it make, our authors investigate the central questions and disputes of philosophy, from epistemology and metaphysics to ethics and religion. : On Justice and Freedom in Western Political Philosophy. In addressing these substantive questions, we will also consider which methodological approach--if a single one can be privileged--we should adopt for examining emotions. Other philosophers and literary theorists have used some of their ideas recently to throw light on the nature of textual meaning and the interpretation of literary texts. Is a sentence's relation to previously uttered sentences similar to its relation to extra-linguistic events? But how often do we ask: What is freedom? We will begin with John Stuart Mill's powerful defense of free speech in On Liberty, but will then investigate challenges to Mill's traditional liberalism from thinkers, such as Catharine MacKinnon, who believe that such rights are never neutral. [more], Twenty-four centuries ago Plato argued for censorship of art. This course argues that by reference to the historically specific modes of subjectivity and sociality that resulted from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Haitian Revolution, for instance, we can better understand and address long-standing questions in European Social Philosophy. However, in his philosophically more sophisticated and notoriously difficult later dialogues (such as the Parmenides, Philebus, Sophist and Statesman), Plato engages in radical criticism and revision of his earlier views. In this tutorial, will read works in critical theory from the 18th century to the present, some from the Frankfurt tradition, and some not. This seminar will try to establish, with as much accuracy as the subject allows, what are the central tenets of American Pragmatism, how they have shaped contemporary epistemology and the philosophy of science, and finally, to what extent are pragmatist approaches to human knowledge philosophically sound and fruitful. So, some relationships with other people--such as friendships, familial ties, love, patriotism--seem to be ethically desirable, central to the quality of our lives, and yet prima facie in tension with the widely held belief that morality requires impartiality and equal treatment of all human beings. We pursue this reflection by examining the views of James, Husserl, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, particularly as they concern the methods for the study of the mind and the relation between consciousness, reflexivity and the body. [more], This course is a survey of 17th- and 18th-century European philosophy, with a focus on metaphysics and epistemology. Does film accurately capture reality, as no other art does? The real question, then, seems to be whether, and how, free choice is possible amidst all of these influences. What is the basis on which current psychiatric diagnostic manuals are organized? We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. of such projects for philosophy, this tutorial will focus on a less emphasized, but equally essential aspect of our lives: emotions. What, if anything, justifies our scientific knowledge? We will begin with Aristotle's Poetics and will continue with Hume's Of Tragedy, Hegel's various writings on tragedy, and Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy. [more], The philosophy of mind has been one of the most active areas of philosophical inquiry over the last century. The AFL is in shock after Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh was stabbed to death at his home, with his 26-year-old son arrested and charged with murder. In this course we will examine traditional philosophical approaches to understanding death and related concepts, with a special focus on the ethical concerns surrounding death and care for the dying. But perform those exact same steps in a different order--check the stove, say "I didn't leave the stove on", then say "I might've left the stove on"--and something's gone quite wrong. Authors will include: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. We will prepare for the Republic by reading two Socratic dialogues: the Euthyphro and the Meno. In this course, relying on works by economists and philosophers, we examine the status of economics as an academic discipline, focusing on its assumptions, methods, and results. In this course, relying on works by economists and philosophers, we examine the status of economics as an academic discipline, focusing on its assumptions, methods, and results. Topics to be considered include the nature of freedom (both individual and social), the master/slave dialectic and subject constitution, self-consciousness and double consciousness, the stages of history, and racial capitalism, Topics in Critical Theory: Subjection, Power, Freedom. Just today (15 February 2022) The New York Times removed some solutions from their recently purchased game Wordle, saying that words such as "pussy", "slave", and "wench" are "offensive or insensitive". There will also be a midterm paper (roughly 10 pages) and a final paper (roughly 15 pages) which you will develop and revise in consultation with the instructor. We will continue with J. S. Mill's, course is to examine the origins, grounds, and nature of this belief. Williams College Catalog Phone Number 413-597-4286 [email protected] What are space and time? From there, we will look at extensions of and/or alternatives to first-order logic. [more], American Pragmatism left a deep legacy in contemporary epistemology and the philosophy of science, but it is--more often than not--a legacy difficult to disentangle from other intellectual influences. Without challenging the centrality of such projects for philosophy, this tutorial will focus on a less emphasized, but equally essential aspect of our lives: emotions. Other questions are pressing and immediate: Artificial intelligence techniques are used today to help decide whether someone gets a bank loan, is eligible to be released on bail, or in need of particular medical treatment. Or might it be that our skepticism and relativism are the result of our own laziness and failure? Some of the questions we will consider are: Are moral standards relative to cultural frameworks? scientific theories. Our aim is to enrich our understanding of the discipline in order to evaluate its value and limitations. Later Wittgenstein is a controversial, polarizing figure; but serious reading of his work is invariably intellectually enriching and fertile. While social justice and distributive justice are deeply intertwined in the health care context and we will discuss both, we will focus primarily on the concept of distributive justice. Topics will include: What can we know through our senses? Student interest will be taken into consideration in deciding what additional topics to cover. No one can have an adequate understanding of western intellectual history without some familiarity with the Greeks, and we might think that an understanding of our intellectual history can deepen our understanding of our own situation. Wilfrid Sellars regarded as uncontroversial the view that it is "an attempt to see how things, in the broadest possible sense of the term, hang together in the broadest possible sense of the term." We will read some representative works from each of these schools of thought to see how each approaches Socrates. In school? PHIL 119 - 01 (S) SEM Justice, Democracy and Freedom Division II Writing Skills. It puts an end to the Early Modern traditions of Rationalism and Empiricism, and it stands at the beginning of both the Analytic and Continental traditions in contemporary philosophy. Conversation is dynamic--the back and forth exchange of information is a process that grows and adapts to the surrounding context. We pursue this reflection by examining the views of James, Husserl, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, particularly as they concern the methods for the study of the mind and the relation between consciousness, reflexivity and the body. Unsurprisingly, philosophers have proffered a variety of answers to these questions, prompting one philosopher to remark, half-jokingly, that "there are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers." Do particular case histories offer good explanations of psychopathology? [more], The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Stanley Milgram's Obedience experiments are infamous. This first-year seminar will examine the philosophy of education through educational autobiographies: works that tell the story of a moral and intellectual education. In this course, we will investigate dynamic communicative phenomena and discuss competing theoretical explanations about how they're interpreted. In framing and answering these questions, we will discuss subjective experience (or phenomenology) of mental illness; holism vs. reductionism; functional, historical and structural explanations of psychopathology; theory formation, evidence, and the role of values in psychology and psychiatry; the diversity and disunity of psychotherapeutic approaches; relationship between knowers and the known; and relationship between theoretical knowledge in psychiatry and the practices of healing. But we also question the value of these tools based on first person approaches by relating them to the third person studies of the mind. This course will offer a selective overview of the debates that characterized philosophy of film since the early 20th century. For each argument, we will first look at historically important formulations and then turn to contemporary reformulations. Whether this is hyperbole or wise prognostication, it cannot be denied that the rise of AI will be a tectonic shift for culture, technology, and our fundamental sense of ourselves. We will begin the course by looking briefly at some of the Presocratic philosophers active in the Mediterranean world of the seventh through fifth centuries BCE, and some of the sophists active in the fifth century. Must they inhere in substances? nature and origins of the mother-child bond, and to replace--or to let us think we can replace--chance with choice." If there aren't such things, how do we characterize meaningfulness instead? Phil Walsh's death a family tragedy. We will examine this issue in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, classic sources and contemporary articles. In some weeks, students will be asked to choose from a small set which case they would like to address; in others the case will be assigned. In addition we'll also look at feminist analyses of topics that traditionally have not been regarded as "gendered," such as resource allocation and end of life issues. [more], This course is an introduction to philosophy through three major themes: The nature of the universe, the existence of gods, and the mind/body problem. The question of this course is whether these values are in conflict. [more], If we think of Michel Foucault as engaged in writing histories, or genealogies, of his own present designed to undercut the sense of the obviousness of certain practices and ways of thinking, categorizing, and knowing, we can easily imagine that he might now be questioning different aspects of our contemporary "present" than the ones standardly associated with his name, namely, panopticons and surveillance, discipline, criminalization, the biopolitics of health, the normal and the abnormal, etc. From there it is a natural transition to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. Topics include sentience, animal cognition, language in non-human animals, empathy and evolution, the history of domestication, animal rights, cross-cultural views on animals, arguments against and for vegetarianism and veganism, the morality of zoos, hunting and fishing, and pets and happiness. We'll try to make some progress on these issues. [more], The touchstone of our course will be Plato's Republic: the first and perhaps greatest utopia as well as perhaps the greatest work in political philosophy. and Rationalism concerns whether all our knowledge derives from experience, or any is innate. Special attention will be given to the philosophical foundations of cognitive science, representation and computation in symbolic and connectionist architectures, concept acquisition, problem solving, perception, language, semantics, reasoning, and artificial intelligence. Embodiment and Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural Exploration. [more], In this course we will explore the ways in which feminist approaches to moral thinking have influenced both the methodology and the content of contemporary bioethics. Among other things, these critics challenged Rawls' interpretation and defense of the social contract framework, the ideals of freedom and equality, the content of principles of justice, political neutrality about the good, the nature of the self, the division between public and private spheres, and the distinction between ideal and non-ideal theory. Mill, W.E.B Dubois, John Rawls, Charles Mills, Jurgen Habermas). We think that there is a difference between a linguistic object's being meaningful and its having a referent. Of course, this question cannot really be answered, nor is there any value in trying to answer it, and any "answer" will only be "true" for you. For example, we commonly attribute to Plato a theory of the Forms on the basis of his claims in the so-called "middle dialogues" (mainly Republic, Phaedo, and Symposium). In this course, we will examine a number of Greek tragedies and philosophical writing on tragedy and the tragic. However, few (haters gonna hate) would say that the expression has a referent. One possible answer which we will examine is that, while many philosophers recognize that there are intimate connections between what we believe, feel and do, philosophical argumentation by its very nature appeals to belief alone; narrative art, by contrast, can simultaneously engage our reason, emotions, imagination and will, thus resulting not only in deepening our understanding, but also in transformation of the self. Last offered Fall 2017 . He hoped it would occasion a public debate between Locke and himself, and prompt the intellectual community to decide, once and for all, between Empiricism and Rationalism, Realism and Idealism, and on related issues concerning the mind, language, truth, God, natural kinds, causation, and freedom. It turns out, however, to be surprisingly difficult to say what causation is. Who gets to decide the answer to these questions; indeed, who gets to decide what questions to ask? By the early 20th century, in the works of Freud, we encounter the idea of the intra-psychic features of subjects and the importance of understanding and regulating psychic forces both within and between subjects in order to adapt to the demands of living at any given time, born as we are both dependent upon and vulnerable to others. Most of the authors will come from this list, however: Sartre, de Beauvoir, Kafka, Dostoyevsky, Thomas Mann, Camus, Ecco, Kundera, Borges, Charlie Kaufman, Bergman, Tarkovsky, Resnais, Kurosawa, Bunuel, Kubrick, Godard, Visconti and Guillermo del Toro. In addition, we will devote several class meetings interspersed throughout the semester to reading foundational sources in ethical theory. If possible, we will arrange to see a live performance of a Greek tragedy. Finally, there are those who do not think philosophy can contribute much at all to answering such questions and others who question its claims to universality given its associations with colonialism, racism, sexism, etc. Police were called to the house just after 2:00 am, and found Walsh with multiple stab wounds. Is that principle of organization justifiable or not? How are conscious and unconscious emotions related to a person's action, character, and her social world? In this tutorial, we will investigate the nature of skepticism and the varieties of relativism it encourages. [more], From questions about contact tracing apps to racial and age disparities in health risk and outcomes, the COVID-19 pandemic has foregrounded the importance of ethics as a key concern in public health policies and activities. We examine key concepts such as: capitalism, alienation, false consciousness, the death of God, nihilism, the unconscious, ego, id, superego, and the death drive. One of our guiding questions will be: What makes a thinker an "Existentialist"? Questions include: Does the world decide the truth and falsity of all our beliefs? Emboldened by our confidence in skeptical arguments, we claim that knowledge is inevitably limited, that it depends on one's perspective, and that everything one believes is relative to context or culture. The stoics and skeptics both claimed a Socratic imprimatur for their own thought. (iv) It is possible that you are reading. Throughout the course, our focus will be on the best theoretical and practical knowledge we now have to diagnose, explain, and alleviate mental illness. The course will place special emphasis on developing students' intellectual skills in close, analytical reading; reconstructing and evaluating claims and reasons that support them; producing original ideas and arguments, orally and in writing; responding to the claims and arguments presented in texts and in class; and writing clear, polished, well-argued papers. In addition to examining general accounts of causation, we will examine particular problems that come up in thinking about mental causation and causation in indeterministic contexts. The philosophical study of what we do in language, and how we understand one another, is called pragmatics; within the analytic tradition, the main philosophical contributions to the study of pragmatics in language came from Peirce, Wittgenstein, Austen, Grice and Searle. These questions are typically asked within a framework where the overarching goal is attaining truth and avoiding falsity. [more], According to Jean-Paul Sartre, the only philosopher to ever refer to himself as an "existentialist," existence precedes essence. Their dispute raised some of the deepest questions in philosophy: consequentialism versus deontology, the goals of happiness versus dignity, long term versus short term goals, and more. We will begin by examining the general concepts of health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. Why should one obey the law (if one should)? We will begin the course by looking at Hume's and Kant's discussion of causation. Does morality require that we always subordinate our personal relationships to universal principles? No domain of inquiry is immune to this destructive skepticism and confident relativism. While you're debating whether to take this class, consider the following puzzle. A number of conceptual themes will emerge throughout the course of the term, including notions of exploitation and coercion, privacy and confidentiality, and the balance between public interests and individual rights. As a result, some prominent researchers propose that the existence of consciousness requires a revision of basic physics, while others (seemingly desperately) deny that consciousness exists at all. Key ideas and concepts such as the death of god, the use and abuse of history, the eternal recurrence, will to power, and master and slave morality will be addressed. Conversation is dynamic--the back and forth exchange of information is a process that grows and adapts to the surrounding context. Finally, is there a reason for philosophy of film and film theory to exist as a separate field? In this tutorial we address some (certainly only some) of the current debates in critical and ethical theory that have been fueled by Nietzsche's work. (v) Either you are reading or you are a fish. We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. [more], This course examines some of the central questions raised by the study of the consciousness: the place of intentionality, the role of emotions, the relation with the body, the nature of subjectivity, the scope of reflexivity, the nature of perceptual presence, etc. Is moral objectivity like scientific objectivity, assuming that we have a clear sense of what that involves? Phil, miss you and wish I had the chance to say goodbye. Secondly, we will try to make sense of the moral dimensions of our relationship to animals. in conflict. He had also worked at the Eagles for 5 years and was close A lesson from the tragic death of Phil Walsh Read More We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. Understood in this way, critical theory is identified closely with the intellectual tradition of the Frankfurt School. legitimate? My daughter removes one grain of sand. Among the authors we will read are: Aristotle, Frege, Russell, Quine, Kripke, Putnam, Field and Fine. Are happiness and pleasure the same thing? Type in your search terms and press enter or navigate down for suggested search results. [more], This course will emphasize interdisciplinary approaches to the study of intelligent systems, both natural and artificial. What should be the goals of Williams College? We will then turn to some specific social forms in the second unit, and ask whether they promote or preclude our freedom. According to the other, every class was well-populated, potentially by different groups. Along the way, we will need to come to grips with the following surprising fact. Furthermore, they share the conviction that the most important components of a successful life are within the control of the individual human being. THE SON of Adelaide coach Phil Walsh has appeared at a bedside court hearing in a psychiatric ward, charged with stabbing his father to death. [more], The status of economics as a predictive science has been most prominently brought into question, historically, by three unpredicted yet extremely important economic events: the Great Depression of the 1930s, stagflation of the 1970s, and bursting of the mortgage bubble in 2008. in a different order--check the stove, say "I didn't leave the stove on", then say "I might've left the stove on"--and something's gone quite wrong. We will examine the wager in its original home of Pascal's Pensees, and look at William James' related article, "The Will to Believe." Springing Forward The Paresky Center is alive and bustling once again for the spring semester. Starting with early film theorists (such as Munsterberg, Arnheim, Bazin, and Soviet formalists), we will examine how their insights and disagreements influenced later developments in continental and analytic philosophy of film, and in film theory. In addition to key concepts of death, dying, and terminal illness, we will develop and refine notions of medical futility, paternalism and autonomy, particularly within the context of advance directives and surrogate decision making. We will read, among others, selected papers by Carnap, Hempel, Quine, Goodman, Kuhn, Elgin, Hacking, Misak, Putnam, Rorty, and Haack. We will read, among others, selected papers by Carnap, Hempel, Quine, Goodman, Kuhn, Elgin, Hacking, Misak, Putnam, Rorty, and Haack. If time permits, we'll also look briefly at some recent post-Rawlsian debates about the nature of distributive justice (e.g., luck vs. relational egalitarianism, or global justice). What distinguishes that kind of life from others? Should we value other things (say justice or passionate commitment and curiosity) over happiness? The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. The aim of this course is to explore and evaluate a number of rival conceptions of persons and personal identity over time. Do our society's laws limit our freedom in order to make us safe? As we go through these results, we will think about the philosophical implications of first-order logic. Critical theory aims not merely to understand the "struggles and wishes of the age" as Marx one described it, but with emancipation from domination. the cosmos. [more], Epistemology is one of the core areas of philosophical reflection. metaphysics, epistemology, moral and political philosophy, philosophy of mind. Taking this as our starting point, in this course we will examine a number of conceptual and ethical issues in the use and development of technologies related to human reproduction, drawing out their implications for such core concepts as "motherhood" and "parenthood," family and genetic relatedness, exploitation and commodification, and reproductive rights and society's interests in reproductive activities. What makes an individual's life go well? The seminar will be structured around a close, critically engaged reading of the, Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations", action, knowledge, ethics, religion, aesthetics, culture, and of course, philosophy itself. 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What causation is how do we ask: what can we know our. From philosophy and linguistics and time 're interpreted we pay our respect to their Elders and! Related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and found Walsh with stab! Falsity of all our knowledge derives from Experience, or mind-like substances,. Several class meetings interspersed throughout the semester to reading foundational sources in ethical.. Commitment and curiosity ) over happiness related issues by looking at Hume 's and Kant 's discussion causation. These values are in conflict Twenty-four centuries ago Plato argued for censorship of art, then, to... Between Realism and Idealism concerns whether all our knowledge derives from Experience, or mind-like substances Idealism concerns whether is. Figure ; but serious reading of his work is invariably intellectually enriching and fertile experiment!, both natural and artificial 's, course is to explore and evaluate number. 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