(TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 1. 4 of Comanche County, Texas. 11. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 2: See Appendix, Note 3.). (h) An additional county or counties may be added to an existing Authority if a petition of five per cent (5%) of the qualified voters is filed with and an election is called by the Commissioners Court of the county or counties seeking admission to an Authority. (b) An indictment is a written instrument presented to a court by a grand jury charging a person with the commission of an offense. A majority of such voters, however, voting at such election, may remove a county seat from a point more than five miles from the geographical centre of the county to a point within five miles of such centre, in either case the centre to be determined by a certificate from the Commissioner of the General Land Office. Table 2.2 Articles of the Texas Constitution of 1876, The Texas Constitution's Bill of Rights Similar civil liberties and civil rights as in the U.S. Constitutions Bill of Rights, Establishes three branches of government with separation of powers, Specifics about the Texas Judicial system, -any convicted felon who has not completed their sentence, or. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. (c) All constitutional and statutory references to the Courts of Civil Appeals shall be construed to mean the Courts of Appeals. Find out from TexPlainer at the Texas Tribune. (Feb. 15, 1876. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, and Nov. 5, 1985.). Sec. An attempt to hold a popular convention to write a new constitution was declared insurrection by the charter government, and the convention leaders were arrested. In addition, the constitutional provisions found on this website comply with the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA) and are current through the amendments approved by voters in May 2022. Lieutenant Governor of Texas. Article 8 of the Texas Constitution deals with taxation and revenue. This clause, sometimes referred to as the Guarantee Clause, has long been at the forefront of the debate about the rights of citizens vis--vis the government. With a majority vote, the amendment is ratified. (13-a) added Nov. 2, 2021.) The maximum tax rate submitted shall be sufficient to discharge such obligations, liabilities, and responsibilities, and to maintain and operate the hospital system, and the Legislature may authorize the district to issue tax bonds for the purpose of the purchase, construction, acquisition, repair or renovation of improvements and initially equipping the same, and such bonds shall be payable from said Seventy-five Cents (75) tax. Under the current Texas Constitution, there are ___ members in the Senate and ___ members in the House. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 4, 1930, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001.) County judges, county attorneys, clerks of the district and county courts, justices of the peace, constables, and other county officers, may be removed by the judges of the district courts for incompetency, official misconduct, habitual drunkenness, or other causes defined by law, upon the cause therefor being set forth in writing and the finding of its truth by a jury. REMOVAL OF COUNTY SEATS. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1966, Nov. 8, 1977, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001.) Said Court of Appeals shall have appellate jurisdiction co-extensive with the limits of their respective districts, which shall extend to all cases of which the District Courts or County Courts have original or appellate jurisdiction, under such restrictions and regulations as may be prescribed by law. There shall be elected by the qualified voters of each county a Sheriff, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, whose duties, qualifications, perquisites, and fees of office, shall be prescribed by the Legislature, and vacancies in whose office shall be filled by the Commissioners Court until the next general election. (8) After such investigation as it deems necessary, the Commission may in its discretion issue a private or public admonition, warning, reprimand, or requirement that the person obtain additional training or education, or if the Commission determines that the situation merits such action, it may institute formal proceedings and order a formal hearing to be held before it concerning a person holding an office or position specified in Subsection (6) of this Section, or it may in its discretion request the Supreme Court to appoint an active or retired District Judge or Justice of a Court of Appeals, or retired Judge or Justice of the Court of Criminal Appeals or the Supreme Court, as a Master to hear and take evidence in the matter, and to report thereon to the Commission. (d) added Nov. 4, 1997.). Texans to decide whether to update their aging constitution. 1-A. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (d) The reapportionment powers of the board shall be exercised in the interims between regular sessions of the legislature, except that a reapportionment may not be ordered by the board during an interim immediately following a regular session of the legislature in which a valid and subsisting statewide apportionment of judicial districts is enacted by the legislature. The Legislature may provide for the election of District Attorneys in such districts, as may be deemed necessary, and make provision for the compensation of District Attorneys and County Attorneys. The Texas Constitution does not contain a necessary and proper clause like the U.S. Constitution, therefore making it the second-longest state constitution in America (2nd only to Alabamas). No new counties shall be created so as to approach nearer than twelve miles of the county seat of any county from which it may in whole or in part be taken. [7] With the growth of states' rights advocacy during the antebellum period, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845),[9] that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.[10]. (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article IX of this constitution, if a hospital district was created or authorized under a constitutional provision that includes a description of the district's boundaries or jurisdiction, the legislature by law may authorize the district to change its boundaries or jurisdiction. The Legislature may enact any laws not inconsistent with this Section which it may deem necessary to permit said counties to implement, enforce and administer the provisions contained herein. Grand and petit juries in the District Courts shall be composed of twelve persons, except that petit juries in a criminal case below the grade of felony shall be composed of six persons; but nine members of a grand jury shall be a quorum to transact business and present bills. Each county in the State with a population of 18,000 or more but less than 50,000, according to the most recent federal census, from time to time, for the convenience of the people, shall be divided into not less than two and not more than eight precincts. What role do you feel Hyundai's 10-year, 100,000 -mile warranty played in its turnaround? During the constitutional convention held November 1865. fundamental freedoms and rights were granted to newly free former slaves. Service on the tribunal shall be considered part of the official duties of a judge, and no additional compensation may be paid for such service. (Added Nov. 4, 1958; Subsecs. By the end of this section, you will be able to: This section discussesthe Constitution of 1876s role in Texas. The Legislature shall provide for transfer of title to properties to the District. The review tribunal shall review the record of the proceedings on the law and facts and in its discretion may, for good cause shown, permit the introduction of additional evidence. At the time, the Rhode Island constitution was the old royal charter established in the 17th century. (Added Nov. 6, 1962; amended Nov. 8, 1966, and Nov. 7, 1989.). Commissioners may succeed themselves in office only if having served less than three (3) consecutive years. What happens to the standard deviation of return for a portfolio if we increase The Court and the Judges thereof shall have the power to issue such other writs as may be necessary to protect its jurisdiction or enforce its judgments. The records of an office of constable declared dormant are transferred to the county clerk of the county. In Mahon a body of armed men from Kentucky forcibly took, without a warrant, a man in West Virginia to bring him back to Kentucky for formal arrest and trial. Texas utilizes a "plural executive" which means the power of the Governor are limited and distributed amongst other executive officials. The Judges shall have the same qualifications and receive the same salaries as the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and the Presiding Judge shall have the same qualifications and receive the same salary as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The first three articles establish the three branches of government and their powers: Legislative (Congress), Executive (office of the President,) and Judicial (Federal court system). District Court judges shall have the power to issue writs necessary to enforce their jurisdiction. c. Why is some risk diversifiable? (5) reside in the district during the judge's term of office. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Sec. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. Amended Nov. 5, 1985, and Nov. 6, 2001.) Justify your answer. 13: See Appendix, Note 3.). (6) A. 12. 312 (1839), the court heard a case where one party obtained a judgment in South Carolina and sought to enforce it in Georgia, which had a statute of limitations that barred actions on judgments after a certain amount of time had passed since the judgment was entered. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 created the mechanism for recovering a fugitive slave, overruled any state laws giving sanctuary, made it a federal crime to assist an escaped slave, and allowed slave-catchers into every U.S. state and territory. (2) and (5) amended Nov. 8, 2005; Subsec. By the 1840s, only 40% of the state's free white males were enfranchised. 7: See Appendix, Note 4.). Justices of the peace shall be ex officio notaries public. A system of checks and balances prevents any one of these . The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. $143,750 (2019) [1] Website. 1. An Airport Authority may be created and be composed of the county or counties that vote in favor of its creation if separate propositions are submitted to the voters of each county so that they may vote for a two or more county Authority or a single county Authority. Established the Permanent School Fund, Places limits on the raising and spending of public funds, Authorizes the Texas Legislature to create county governments, Specifics regarding local governments, including empowering them to tax, and how to charter cities, Specifics regarding public businesses, including how they would be regulated, Article 13: Spanish and Mexican Land Titles, Specifics on which land with previous claims would become state property, Established the Land Office which regulated land titles, Specifics on how to remove a public official from office, Miscellaneous regulations, ie., forbidding the legislature from printing money, forbidding U.S. public officials from holding a state office, Article 17: Mode of Amending the Constitution of this State. (a) The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of a Hospital District to be co-extensive with the limits of County Commissioners Precinct No. Except as provided by this section, in each such precinct there shall be elected one Justice of the Peace and one Constable, each of whom shall hold his office for four years and until his successor shall be elected and qualified; provided that in a county with a population of less than 150,000, according to the most recent federal census, in any precinct in which there may be a city of 18,000 or more inhabitants, there shall be elected two Justices of the Peace, and in a county with a population of 150,000 or more, according to the most recent federal census, each precinct may contain more than one Justice of the Peace Court. Counties of a less area than nine hundred, but of seven hundred or more square miles, within counties now existing, may be created by a two-thirds vote of each House of the Legislature, taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals. (b) The Supreme Court shall also have power, upon affidavit or otherwise as by the court may be determined, to ascertain such matters of fact as may be necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction. Under the Submerged Lands Act of 1953, Congress returned maritime territory to some states, but not to others; the Act was sustained by the Supreme Court. A Justice, Judge, Master, or Magistrate may appeal a decision of the review tribunal to the Supreme Court under the substantial evidence rule. Sec. Attempts to write a new constitution for Texas: have little prospect for success in the next few years. The legislature may delegate any of these powers to the board. (b) Each district judge shall be elected by the qualified voters at a General Election. The vote in the House was 69 for repeal and 38 against, which was short of the two-to-one vote required to amend the Constitution. 14. The legislature by general or special law may provide for the creation, establishment, maintenance, and operation of hospital districts located wholly in a county with a population of 75,000 or less, according to the most recent federal decennial census, and may authorize the commissioners court to levy a tax on the ad valorem property located in the district for the support and maintenance of the district. The bonds may not be issued or such tax be levied until approved by such voters. (g) added Nov. 4, 1997; Subsec. If the district hereinabove authorized is finally created, no other hospital district may be created embracing any part of the territory within its boundaries, but the Legislature by law may authorize the creation of a hospital district incorporating therein the remainder of Jefferson County, having the powers and duties and with the limitations presently provided by Article IX, Section 4, of the Constitution of Texas. Sec. (g) Except as provided by Subsection (i) of this section, this section does not limit the power of the legislature to reapportion the judicial districts of the state, to increase the number of judicial districts, or to provide for consequent matters on reapportionment. (Added Nov. 8, 1966; amended Nov. 2, 1999.) The Governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. 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