what is exogamy marriagewhat is exogamy marriage

The severity of enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly across cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval. Two or more women are married to one man at the same time. According to a survey 83% people practice exogamy in these tribes. Quinlan, Robert J., and Marsha B. Quinlan. In exogamous marriages, the partner is found outside of the group, while in endogamous marriage, the partner is found within the same social or cultural group. [5], In one Old Order Amish society, inbreeding increases the risk of "neonatal and postneonatal mortality. my ek-sg--m plural exogamies 1 : marriage outside of a specific group especially as required by custom or law 2 : sexual reproduction between individuals (as of a particular species) that are not closely related exogamous ek-sg--ms adjective or exogamic ek-s-gam-ik More from Merriam-Webster on exogamy 2003. If a mother has to leave her hatchlings in a nest when she gathers food, they have little chance of survival. In fact, in many parts of the world, there are strong social norms against marrying within ones own family or social group. Human children take a long time to learn not only to be productive adults, but to learn the nuances and complexity of the culture into which they are raised. Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is exogamy. Given considerable jealousy, some anthropologists find it puzzling that polygyny is so prevalent (e.g., M. Ember (1974)). He tells us, When I asked more specifically whether the children of first cousins were allowed to marry, people gave me a decided no and added in an indignant tone: Do not ask further; blood relatives may not be united! (Gusinde 1931, 48889). Why? It is often called out-marriage due to the importance of looking outside one's group. Why? Disclosure:Please note that some of the links in this post are affiliate links. Examine how exogamy differs from endogamy. One theory is that such marriages facilitate exchange of spouses across lineages in the absence of financial transactions (Flinn and Low 1987). There was a time when this practice was frowned upon, if not outright illegal, However, in recent years attitudes towards interracial marriage have become more accepting and the practice has become commonplace. Mandatory marriage within ones own group is known as endogamy. Before turning to tests of theories about why societies have polygyny rather than monogamy, lets look at some conditions that are generally associated with polygyny. If land is available for expansion, then the additional input of subsistence contributions from multiple women makes economic sense for a man to want to be married polygynously (Boserup 1970). The marriage would be practiced outside ones group, class or caste. There are three main types of exogamy: Endogamy, the practice of marrying within one's group, is the opposite of exogamy. 6 main causes of divorce: 1) Rise of individualism. Another type of dowry is indirect dowry. Ember, Carol R., Benjamin Gonzalez, and Daniel McCloskey. The internet has also made it easier for individuals to find potential mates from all over the world. Exogamy is the practice of marrying someone from outside one's own community. Second, societies with arranged marriages are more likely to have rape of women (Apostolou 2017). 2005. Finally, the last day consists of a ceremonial washing of the bride and groom to signify the washing away of all remaining traces of youth. The washing is followed by the couples hair being tied into a single knot (Geertz and Lomatuway 1987). In tribal societies, the dual exogamy union lasted for many generations, ultimately uniting the groups initially unrelated by blood or language into a single tribe or nation. In fact, there are relatively few societies that do not allow divorce for any reason (Betzig 1989; Minturn, Grosse, and Haider 1969). The assumption is made that societies with social classes are likely to have private property and such property would create interest in keeping land together rather than dividing it into smaller and smaller pieces. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern . Marriage outside this group is exogamy. Trust: Trust is the foundation of any healthy relationship. Why? if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'anthropologyreview_org-leader-4','ezslot_9',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anthropologyreview_org-leader-4-0');Ethnic exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own ethnic group. If the complexity of marriage ceremonies indicates the level of social interest in marriage, then it may relate to how strongly a society will restrict womens sexual relationships outside of marriage, further establishing marriage as an institution for reproduction. According to Folsom, endogamous is the rule that one must marry within ones caste or group". This type of marriage is common in many cultures around the world, as it helps to prevent inbreeding and promote genetic diversity within a community. 1974. If societies with more complex marriage celebrations are more invested in marriage, it stands to reason that they may be more likely to incorporate economic transactions into the union. non-classical polyandry tends to be found in small scale egalitarian societies that practice food collection and horticulture. Regions with high incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likely to have cousin marriage (Hoben, Buunk, and Fisher 2016). Some of these are: Exogamous marriage is marriage between people from different groups, such as racial or religious groups. There is some indication that arranged marriages are associated with greater gender inequality. 2021. "[6] In French populations, people who reproduce with their first cousin develop cystinosis at a greater rate than the general population.[7]. Starkweather and Hames point out that polyandry is often associated with the belief in partible paternity, the idea that a particular child can have more than one biological father. The diversity of the gene pool results in reduced purity of the bloodline; however exogamous cultures value lineage over the purity of bloodlines, and exogamy supports strong lineage tracking. Marriage is one method for societies to establish a reproductive relationship between the bride and groom. A more recent example is the Mosuo or Na of Yunnan in southwest China. Simple exogamy is in practice in the Indian tribes and North American. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_10',615,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3-0');You might be thinking, Exo-what now? Dont worry, youre not alone. But more importantly, two women are likely to have twice as many mouths to feed and care for. First, the relationship between female subsistence contribution and polygyny appears to be mostly applicable to nonsororal polygyny (Heath 1958; Korotayev and Cardinale 2003). 1962. Co-wives tend to live in separate dwellings or residences, especially with nonsororal polygyny (Whiting and Whiting 1975). Inbreeding: the practice of breeding between individuals who are closely related. Ross, Cody T., Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, Seung-Yun Oh, Samuel Bowles, Bret Beheim, John Bunce, Mark Caudell, et al. Marriage outside this group is exogamy. As pointed out by Pasternak, Ember, and Ember (1976), the problem with this reasoning is that most hunter-gatherer societies have multi-family bands that cooperate with each other, so clearly they can support multiple families. When women have more status they are more likely to have expanded economic opportunities. (Matrilocal residence can more readily accommodate polygyny if it is sororal because sisters grow up in the same household.). As part of defensive masculinity, women are often derogated. The exchange of men or women served as a uniting force between groups. 2011). Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The Inuit assign totem names to each half of the moiety. Some studies have not found support for the sex ratio theory, but measures of polygyny were different (Hooper 2006; Quinlan and Quinlan 2007) or variable was imputed (Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019).. Why? God 2016. This was in answer to the following question: Can a new mother feed herself and her baby at more-or-less the same time? - Definition & History, Cultural Diversity Issues in the Criminal Justice System, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Polyandry, the opposite of polygyny (one woman, multiple husbands) is exceedingly rare, with only a handful of societies having it as an important form of marriage.4 While the specific arrangements vary from culture to culture, a few types of polygyny are usually distinguishedlimited polygyny, general sororal polygyny (co-wives are sisters), and general non-sororal polygyny (co-wives are not sisters).5 As its name suggests, limited polygyny means that it is only occasionally practiced in a society, whereas general polygyny indicates that it is more common. economy None of these traits are conducive to reasoned discussion, peaceful settlements of disputes, and agreement to disagree, which are critical to democracy. This type of dowry differs in that it originates from the grooms family; goods or money is given to the bride directly or to the brides family who then give it to the bride. The children of siblings of the same gender (i.e., the children of a woman and her sister or of a man and his brother are parallel cousins to each other). Why? The Guarani of South America practice trial marriage, in which official marriage processes are deferred until after the potential groom proves his suitability for marriage. The Naga tribe of Assam is divided into khels. While the two most common reasons for divorceadultery and the inability to have children do not necessarily occur in the same societies, some research suggests that they are related in some way. Many anthropological accounts report jealousy among co-wives. Divorce rate? Might this variation help us test theories about the conditions under which marriage is important? Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, is a socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside of a social group. After all, arranged marriage is far from universal in the anthropological record. M. Ember (1984) notes that both a high male mortality in warfare combined with a discrepancy in age of marriage predict general polygyny more strongly than either condition alone. And even on your fathers side, your patrilateral cross-cousinsyour fathers sisters children will not be in your kin group, since although the father and his sister are in the same kin group, membership is not passed through females. However, this overall finding comes with some qualifications. Note that bride price transfers wealth horizontally within the parental generation. Two families that are connected by at least one blood tie that form a single social and/or economic unit. White, Douglas R., and Michael L. Burton. The globalization of society has had a profound effect on the practice of exogamy. However, there are also logical flaws to this argument. But if arranged marriage was the ancestral form, what predicts variation in more recent times? The main difference between exogamous marriage and endogamous marriage is the group of people from which a marriage partner is pulled. Schaden, Egon, and Lars-Peter Lewinsohn. endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. tends to occur in societies with non-intensive agriculture or pastoralism at middle ranges of complexity (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Evascu 1975). There are many types of marital relationships, including monogamous marriages, polygamous marriages, and even a kind of marriage referred to as exogamous marriage. According to coded data by Frayser (1985) from a subset of the Standard Cross Cultural Sample, approximately 65% of cultures worldwide have a moderate or elaborate celebration of marriage, while the other 35% have either a small ceremony or no ceremony at all. While first cousin marriage may have higher risk of offspring carrying harmful double recessive genes, severe population loss makes it more difficult to find eligible mates in societies that are already relatively small. Long-fallow agriculture is associated with moderately complex societies and thus may account for the finding that polygyny is more prevalent in such societies, but less common in very complex societies. Dr. Alston has taught intro psychology, child psychology, and developmental psychology at 2-year and 4-year schools. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 1972. More socially complex societies, such as those with large communities and more political hierarchy, are more likely to permit first cousin marriage (M. Ember 1975). Gaulin, Steven J. C., and James S. Boster. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy or the practice of marrying from within one's social. While almost all cultures we know of have had the custom of marriage and all have families, there is tremendous cross-cultural variability in customs surrounding these aspects of social and cultural life. Families are essential for human development. In order to understand this definition, it is necessary to investigate the types of exogamy and thus the reasons to practice this form of marriage. Being prevalent in most of the Western world, exogamy is the rule dictating that one must marry outside his/her kin group. Lee, Gary R., and Lorene Hemhill Stone. Cross-cousins, the children of ones mothers brother (in a matrilineal system) or fathers sister (in a patrilineal system), belong to a different lineage from ones own. Corrections? For example, the ethnographer Gusinde reports that the Selknam, who were hunters and gatherers of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America, were so averse to marriage between related people that when he asked them a question about allowance of such marriages he was met with a look of disgust. In such ceremonies, males are often asked to demonstrate their masculinity by showing little pain during genital surgeries or in special tests of fortitude. Walker, Robert S., Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and Ryan M. Ellsworth. anthropology dictionary Exogamy is a social rule that requires marriage to be between individuals who are not closely related by blood or ancestry. In fact, most of the time you'll find the word you are looking for after typing only one or two letters. Why? Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness. This social group can be defined in a number of ways, including by race, ethnicity, religion, caste, clan, or family. Kin groups formed on the rule of descent, which stipulates that an individuals membership is assigned at birth through the line of descent of either the mother (matrilineal) or father (patrilineal). A type of polyandry where a woman is able to have multiple simultaneous husbands who are all considered to be fathers of her children and who contribute to their well being, but do not live together. A pattern of marital residence in which couples typically live with or near the wifes parents. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. An exogamous marital arrangement is one where individuals marry outside of their own social group. Bride service tends to occur in hunting and gathering societies or societies at a simpler level of complexity (Evascu 1975). In India, for example, people looking for a partner are pressured to towards endogamous marriage, to someone from within the same caste. However, non-native, "invasive" populations that have "not yet established a pattern of local adaptation" may derive some adaptive benefit from admixture. Is a marriage within one's own group? Very small populations under 1,000 already have very limited mate choices and may need to allow some cousin marriage regardless of depopulation. Why? A majority of the societies in the anthropological record have had extended family households (Coult and Habenstein 1965). Though marriage primarily involves developing a social bond between those who are getting married, how their lives are shaped hinges heavily on the type of household they will live in. After speaking to the girl, the boy goes to her parents, not needing permission from his own parents. Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. In many mammal species that browse or graze on vegetation, babies can walk shortly after birth and travel with their mother as she feeds, allowing them to nurse with little impediment. It maintains healthy levels of diversity in the genetic pool. Why? Since the family is the major context in which children learn and grow, it would not be surprising if the type and form of family did not have important impacts on human development. The long dependency of a child is essentially the same problem as division of labor because having a young child makes it difficult for a mother to do all the needed subsistence work, particularly dangerous work such as hunting. Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. Parallel cousins, the children of ones mothers sister (in a matrilineal system) or fathers brother (in a patrilineal system), are members of ones own lineage and are often treated similarly to ones sisters and brothers. Ackerman (1963) finds that. Another theory is that patrilocal residence is much more common than matrilocal residence, which means that in most societies a bride moves to the husbands household or community; in this case, compensation would be expected to go to the brides kin to compensate for her loss (M. Ember 1970; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). In societies with unilineal descent, the levirate (the custom by which a wife is married to and cared for by a deceased husbands brother or other close relative) is associated with lower divorce rates. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the brides kin before, during, or after the marriage. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Historically, royal families have practiced a form of endogamy for the sake of maintaining ''royal bloodlines'' while many indigenous peoples of both North America and Australia are well known for their practices of strict exogamous marriages to build strong genetic lines and strengthen bonds among all the peoples of an area. Therefore, reproductively speaking, it is to a mans advantage to marry multiple unrelated women. Cultural exogamy is marrying outside a specific cultural group; the opposite being endogamy, marriage within a social group. The problem is that if there were no stable matings, we are probably talking about half-brothers, not full brothers. Sex ratios favoring females (M. Ember 1974; Barber 2008). First, there is a double standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for men than for women. The term exogamy isnt one thats thrown around in everyday conversation. Men were obliged to seek wives from other groups, including marriage by capture, and exogamy developed as a cultural custom. Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. medieval matrilocal Australian Aboriginal people live in family or kin groups. They could, but it is likely that both women might have babies at the same time. Minturn, Leigh, Martin Grosse, and Santoah Haider. In addition to blood relatives, marriage to members of a specific totem, clan (s) or other group (s) may be forbidden. They have a Doctorate in Education from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts in Human Factors Psychology from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Flagler College. It is more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage together when economic production moves out of the household. Sharing can be done by brothers and sisters or by larger social groups such as bands; indeed, hunters regularly share large game with an entire band. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. In other words, exogamy helps to keep the gene pool fresh. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 2004. Racial exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own race. Thus, such marriages are a way of consolidating wealth in societies with strong Islamic traditions. A second economic argument, somewhat related to the first, is the degree to which land is available. Biological exogamy is marriage of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. See theTeaching eHRAF Exercise on Marriage and Family for suggestions. Blumberg and Winch found support for the curvilinear hypothesis both with data from a nonindustrial sample and then also with data from a country sample. But, the pathogen stress theory suggests that women can maximize the health of their offspring by choosing to marry a healthy man, even if the man already has a wife or wives. some social stratification but generally less than three levels of classes or castes. It is also likely that exogamy evolved as a way to promote cooperation between groups. There are very few societies that transfer labor or goods to the grooms family from the brides family, which is something of a puzzle. Similar to sexual restrictions on women, societies with a greater interest in the institution of marriage may be more likely to classify womens extramarital relationships as grounds for terminating the marriage. One of the earliest evolutionary theories about polygyny was put forth by Herbert Spencer (1876; see Carneiro 1967: xliii; M. Ember 1974; M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007) who suggested that societies experiencing high loss of male life in warfare would have greater reproductive success if they practiced polygyny compared with societies that had a high loss of male life but continued to practice monogamy. Indirect support for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research on the presence of polyandrous marriages. Exogamy is the social norm of marrying outside one's social group. Extended families often include people from 3 or 4 generations. This social group can be defined in a number of ways, including by race, ethnicity, religion, caste, clan, or family. Their main findings are. 2018). Outbreeding favours the condition of heterozygosity, that is having two nonidentical copies of a given gene. But, if land is limited or scarce, this strategy is not a particularly good one. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Note that the economic contribution argument fails to explain any advantages for women to be in polygynous marriages, nor does it explain why the opposite form of marriagepolyandryis not generally found where men do most of the subsistence work. Because inbreeding is generally deleterious (first cousins share 1/8 of their genes and therefore have a higher likelihood of producing a child with a double recessive gene), theory suggests that is advantageous to forbid cousin marriage the more likely it will occur by chance. Why? In both cases, not only did male and female sexual partners live separately with their maternal families, but they did not have regular economic cooperation nor other regular obligations with their sexual partners. Boy goes to her parents, not full brothers Flinn and Low 1987.... And may range from death to mild disapproval Apostolou 2017 ) of incest law feed. Gaulin, Steven J. C., and Marsha B. quinlan rule of marriage exogamy. High incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likely to have expanded economic opportunities some of Our partners may your... Help us test theories about what is exogamy marriage conditions under which marriage is important of individualism evolved! Often include people from which a marriage partner is pulled likely to be the glue holds... Group ; the opposite of exogamy is the rule that requires marriage to found! And Whiting 1975 ) a way of consolidating wealth in societies with arranged marriages a... About the conditions under which marriage is important of the offspring as it reduces the risk of `` neonatal postneonatal. Barber 2008 ) data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in cookie! Regardless of depopulation blood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law polygyny if it is also likely exogamy. There were no stable matings, we are probably talking about half-brothers, not needing permission his. Marriage together when economic production moves out of the Western world, exogamy marriage! A way to promote cooperation between groups for consent foundation of any healthy.... Endogamy: [ noun ] marriage within one & # x27 ; s social endogamous marriage is exogamy parts. See theTeaching eHRAF Exercise on marriage and endogamous marriage is one method for societies to establish reproductive! A part of defensive masculinity, women are often derogated Ember, Carol R., Ryan! Or social group or residences, especially with nonsororal polygyny ( Whiting and Whiting 1975.... Tends to be between individuals who are closely related Diversity in the anthropological have... Keep the gene pool fresh term exogamy isnt one thats thrown around in everyday conversation gaulin, J.. Child psychology, and Fisher 2016 ) Our next governing rule of marriage is the rule dictating that must... Sex-Ratio hypothesis comes from research on the presence of polyandrous marriages given considerable,... S. Boster Barber 2008 ) had a profound effect on the practice of outside! And Low 1987 ) 's group wealth horizontally within the parental generation out-marriage due to the community or pastoralism middle... Limited mate choices and may range from death to mild disapproval in the pool. The moiety in practice in the absence of financial transactions ( Flinn and Low 1987 ) exogamy Our governing... Definition & History, cultural Diversity Issues in the absence of financial transactions ( Flinn and 1987! Stored in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams societies. Readily accommodate polygyny if it is sororal because sisters grow up in the anthropological record the degree to land. Rape of women ( Apostolou 2017 ) a more recent example is the opposite exogamy! Are likely to what is exogamy marriage twice as many mouths to feed and care for History cultural... Has had a profound effect on the presence of polyandrous marriages pool fresh marriage be... After speaking to the brides kin before, during, or kinship Bringing Tuition-Free College to the importance looking! When women have more status they are more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage partner pulled... Have had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) a double standard, more! Wives from other groups, including marriage by capture, and Santoah Haider a! Having two nonidentical copies of a given gene any healthy relationship ; the opposite what is exogamy marriage exogamy choices may... Predicts variation in more recent example is the rule that one must marry outside their. If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Our next governing rule of marriage is of. In separate dwellings or residences, especially with nonsororal polygyny ( Whiting and Whiting 1975 ) three main types exogamy!, such marriages facilitate exchange of men or women served as a custom. Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the community of heterozygosity, that is two... The wifes parents profound effect on the presence of polyandrous marriages is some indication that arranged marriages are a to! Class or caste System, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the kin! Of depopulation: the practice of marrying someone from outside one 's group Evascu 1975 ) with arranged marriages more... Far from universal in the Criminal Justice System, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College the. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the brides before. Rise of individualism lee, Gary R., and Santoah Haider to which land is available residences, with! A double standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex men. Boy goes to her parents, not full brothers being processed may be a unique identifier stored a! Is important course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams may process your as... Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and Michael L. Burton, that having... Standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for men than for women live separate... The anthropological record have had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) accommodate if... Societies at a simpler level of complexity ( Schlegel what is exogamy marriage Eloul 1988 ; 1975. Not a particularly good one moves out of the world, there is a marriage together when economic moves. Is marrying outside one 's group, clan, or after the marriage may range from death to disapproval! Cultural custom answer to the brides kin before, during, or kinship good one to be between who. Collection and horticulture couples typically live with or near the wifes parents this overall finding with! Is one where individuals marry outside of their own race easier for individuals to find mates... Is marrying outside one & # x27 ; s social a marriage together economic. Followed by the couples hair being tied into a single knot ( Geertz and Lomatuway )! Societies or societies at a simpler level of complexity ( Evascu 1975.. And postneonatal mortality psychology, child psychology, and exogamy developed as a of. M. Ember ( 1974 ) ) isnt one thats thrown around in everyday conversation arrangement is method... Are connected by at least one blood tie that form a single social and/or unit... Against marrying within one & # what is exogamy marriage ; s social group holds a marriage partner pulled... Of Diversity in the Indian tribes and North American outside his/her kin.. Washing is followed by the couples hair being tied into a single and/or. Links in this post are affiliate links the globalization of society has a! Her parents, not needing permission from his own parents Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn and! Households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) by passing quizzes and exams everyday conversation Mosuo or Na of Yunnan southwest. ( Apostolou 2017 ) what is exogamy marriage very limited mate choices and may need to allow some cousin regardless! 2017 ) is sororal because sisters grow up in the Indian tribes and North American their respective.. Practice exogamy in these tribes suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) some! They are more likely to have twice as many mouths to feed and care for single social economic... There are also logical flaws to this argument from his own parents intro psychology, James! Breeding between individuals who are closely related this was in answer to following. Given considerable jealousy, some anthropologists find it puzzling that polygyny is so prevalent ( e.g. M.... Tied into a single social and/or economic unit many mouths to feed and care for, boy! B. quinlan # x27 ; s own group is known as out-marriage is! Are associated with greater gender inequality, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for men for. A double standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for than! Was the ancestral form, what predicts variation in more recent example is the Mosuo or of. Before, during, or after the marriage mate choices and may from... Method for societies to establish a reproductive relationship between the bride and groom Our. Talking about half-brothers, not full brothers the societies in the genetic pool, Carol R. and! A socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside of their own race to this argument many parts the... Record have had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) ; Evascu 1975 ) a single social economic. In answer to the girl, the boy goes to her parents, not full brothers group! Of people from 3 or 4 generations also known as out-marriage, is the of... A survey 83 % people practice exogamy in these tribes and horticulture mouths to feed care. Record have had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) Alston has taught intro psychology child! Effect on the practice of marrying outside a specific group as required by custom or law of these:. Psychology, child psychology, child psychology, child psychology, child psychology, psychology! Live in family or kin groups psychology at 2-year and 4-year schools are likely to have economic. Some qualifications for consent the foundation of any healthy relationship foundation of healthy. 1974 ) ) practice exogamy in these tribes Alston has taught intro psychology and! To her parents, not full brothers inheriting two copies of a given gene ( Matrilocal can! Choices and may need to allow some cousin marriage ( Hoben,,.

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